To eliminate this risk, only the very deep hydrate occurrences that are covered by fine-grained sediment layers at least metres thick should be developed. This is the only way to enable the methane gas to be retrieved safely through a borehole without the possibility of its escaping into the environment.
In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the formation pressure is not increased by more than 10 bar during retrieval of the gas, as the sediment layers could otherwise break open and allow large amounts of methane to escape. The amount of carbon stored in methane hydrates at the sea floor C in gigatonnes far exceeds that stored in oil, gas and coal. So far the necessary mining technology has only been tested under laboratory conditions.
Many years of development work are still needed to be able to reliably evaluate the potentials and risks and to realize mining on an industrial scale. The extraction of natural gas from methane hydrates onshore was successfully tested for the first time in by Japanese and Canadian scientists. In northern regions, methane hydrates lie hundreds of metres beneath the permafrost sediments. It is cold enough and the pressure is sufficient for hydrates to form there too.
In contrast to the deposits in the sea floor, however, these hydrate occurrences are easy to access and therefore suitable for production tests. The tests showed that it is possible to produce natural gas by breaking down methane hydrates through the introduction of heat or the release of pressure. The retrieval of methane by replacement with carbon dioxide will now be tested onshore. A Norwegian-American consortium is set to carry out a production test in Alaska.
The first offshore attempts are then planned for to on the continental slope off Japan. How and when methane hydrates are finally mined in the future depends on the results of these field investigations. Choose a trusted paper writing service. Save your time. Score better. Simply kick back and relax. Download it! Hi there! Calculate your order.
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